Tissue engineering has emerged as a potential strategy for tissue/organ repair and regeneration. This approach offers numerous advantages as it develops biodegradable implants with the necessary cues to promote bodily regeneration, and ultimately to form patient-derived tissues/organs. TEST Lab has made seminal contributions to the field of tissue engineering by developing and assessing graft options for bone and cartilage engineering in vitro as well as in animal models. Specifically, TEST Lab has developed oxygen-tension controlled matrices for large-area bone regeneration and polymer-gel structures to study stem cell chondrogenesis and hypertrophy, and eventual vascularized bone formation via endochondral ossification. Some of the current efforts include the development of advanced matrix systems with physical and structural cues to locally modulate cell behavior in tissue interfaces, specifically for bone-cartilage or osteochondral applications.